育才学习网1. sci论文投稿“proposal”怎么写啊
这里需要你写 背景 和文献综述
背景In some proposals, the introduction and background are separate; in others they serve the same purpose and are combined. Both an introduction and background section outlines why you chose your topic. The section should include:
what prompted your interest in the topic
relevance to previous research (literature)
what your research will contribute to the research and the field
It may include (if not under separate headings)
your research objectives/questions or hypothesis
literature review
文献综述
The literature review for a research proposal may draw on a detailed review that you have already conducted, or may be specific to the development of your proposal.
Your literature review needs to demonstrate that you have read broadly on the topic and its wider context. It should highlight trends in the literature relating to your research topic, including research areas, methodology, theoretical approaches and findings. Information such as where the literature is mainly coming from, or countries/areas that it is focused on could be considered.
Your review should outline some of the limitations and/or gaps in the literature that you have identified (a critique). You need to draw on your literature review to justify your own research. Indicate the gaps your research is addressing and note the original contribution it will make the field in general.
The literature review helps inform and set up your theoretical framework, methodology and research design.
For information on literature reviews and article critiques see literature reviews and article critiques.
Note: some assignments have requested students list the literature they will include in their research (rather than reviewing). Ensure that your literature review section reflects the requirements of your assignment.
2. 怎样写一篇好的RESEARCH PROPOSAL
首先要明白 research proposal 是什么和干什么用的。简单地说，A research proposal 一份研究计划，是给上级主管或学术导师看的，目的是为了获得认可（通过）然后可以着手进行正式的研究工作。明白了这一点，你会想到阅读你的 research proposal 人的需要：简洁、明了，定义准确、思路清晰，内容完整、条理分明。
其次要知道研究报告的结构：
Introduction
Research problem/research hypothesis
Theoretical review
Case presentation
Research methodological design
Analysis of evidence and research results
Presentation of research findings
Anticipated implications of the findings
Conclusion
基于上面两点， research proposal 要包括以下几部分：
Introduction
Research problem/research hypothesis
Case briefing
Theoretical review (brief)
Research methodological design
Anticipated implications of the findings
祝你成功！
3. 如何写SCI论文的Discussion部分
众所周知，讨论部分是在结合自己的研究结果基础上，对整个文章的结论的提炼和升华。
这一部分是整个论文的精，往往点睛作用。 同时，很多杂志要求结果和讨论分开，这也就更突出了写好讨论的重要性。
那么，我们应该怎样写好讨论部分呢？ 下面我借助Jim Hesson and Eveline Farias-Hesson 的资料来逐步讲解： general outline of a discussion: ?Beginning the Discussion ?Middle of the Discussion ?Taking Credit For Accomplishments of the Study ?Indicating the Novelty of the Study ?Noting Similarity in Findings ?Noting Differences in Findings ?Explaining Why Certain Results Were Obtained ?Concluding the Discussion ?Discussing Limitations ?Possible Applications of the Findings ?A Call for Future Studies ?Concluding Statement 上面是开始写讨论之前的需要思考的问题，在进行每一部分之前，初级写手需要注意区分结果和讨论的区别：一个主要的区别 The discussion section is that it is characterized by a series of points, rather than facts as in the results section (Swales and Feaks, 2004). These points are interpretive rather than descriptive as in the factual reporting in the results section。 根据以上的区分，我们可以认为讨论就是“解释性的，或者说明性的阐述几个观点”，讨论的另一个显著特点是： Compared to the results section, it tends to be: more abstract, general, theoretical, related to the real world, concerned with practical applications and implications, as well as engaged in dialogue with the larger field of study (Swales and Feaks, 2004). The discussion section is where you will draw out, delineate and consolidate the meaning of the results, as well as tactfully dialogue with the broader community of your field and attempt to build community consensus on the meaning of your findings (Swales and Feaks, 2004) 以上的表述说明，讨论部分要和研究结果联系起来，作者不能“天马行空”论述一些和自己的研究结果联系不太大，或者是牵强的理论或者观点。
和研究结果的具体，特定，并且量化的特点比较起来，讨论部分应该体现出对研究结果更普遍的注解或者评论，所以讨论中每一个部分往往以陈述作者自己的发现开始： in general, (over all, on average, by and large, on the whole, etc.) we found that。
. 对于整个讨论，或者说讨论的每一个独立的部分，： it may be helpful to think of the discussion as a story, and like other clear and coherent stories, the discussion has a beginning, middle and end (Zeiger, 1999)。
开始： In the beginning of the story, you will introduce the reader to your original purpose, and then name your major findings and present results that support these findings. 中间部分： In the middle, you may show how other work supports your findings; report unexpected results; report on the novelty of the your work; explain conflicting results; suggest why your results are the way they are; explain how results of other studies do not agree with your findings, as well as defending your proposed answer against other possible answers to your main research question. 最后： At the end of the story, you may also discuss the limits of the method and validity of the assumptions as well as describing applications or implications of your findings. 以上就是很概括的描述了写一个讨论部分需要“keep in mind” 的概念。希望对我们写好英语论文都有点帮助。
4. 英语专八阅读summary怎么写
一、概述 文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”，而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。 通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。 国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。 它可以包括三个组成部分 ①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图； ②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
二、常见句型 常见的摘要句型有： 1)This paper deals with。 2)This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc)。
3)This eassy presents knowledge that。 4)This thesis discusses。
5)This thesis analyzes。 6)This paper provides an overview of。
7)This paper elaborates on 。 8)This article gives an overview of。
9)This article compares。and summarizes key findings. 10)This paper includes discussions concerning。
11)This paper presents up to date information on。 12)This article covers the role of chemicals in。
13)This paper addresses important topics including。 14)This paper touches upon。
15)This paper strongly emphasizes。 16)This eassy represents the preceedings of 。
17)This article not only describes。but also suggests。
18)This paper considers。 19)This paper provides a method of 。
20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze.. 21)This paper offers the latest information regarding。 22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of。
23)This article explores。 24)This paper expresses views on。
25)This paper reflects the state of the art in。 26)This paper explains the procedures for。
27)This paper develops the theory of 。 28)This——。
5. 怎么写一篇高分的proposal
Introduction
This proposal sets out to examine options for the successful globalization of our 'Borders' brand. The initial market under consideration is Continental Europe. For the purposes of this proposal, we will be considering three aspects of the brand, namely our logo, the 'Borders' concept and finally, the product itself, 'Borders' wellington boots.
Findings
The following points summarise our key findings.
∙It was found that our existing logo, a pair of wellington boots encircled by the word 'Borders', is visual enough to be used in markets where English is not
widely spoken.
∙Attitudes to outerwear differ throughout Europe and our boots are likely to appeal to different market sectors in different countries. This has serious implications for
the benefits we wish to publicise.
6. 怎样写好research proposal
研究计划；研究提案；研究计划书
例句
释义：
全部，研究计划，研究提案，研究计划书
1.
Student oral presentations of research proposal due
进行研究提议的口头陈述报告
2.
Ethical Principle of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research(Proposal)
人类胚胎干细胞研究的伦理准则（建议稿）
3.
Writing a research proposal in clinical psychology
临床心理学研究计划的写作要点
4.
Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what aresearch proposal means, nor do they understand its importance.
大多数学生和刚起步的研究者都不了解什么是研究计划，也不知道其重要性。
7. bec中级大作文报告格式怎么写
我上上周考了高级！先给你加了个油！！
REPORT格式如下；
Report on---（题目） 一般就抄要求就好 简洁些 注意除了ON THE A 神马的 都要首字母大写
Introduction
推荐两个句型：This report serves to analyse。
This report aims at showing。.后边还是抄题目
建议写一些神马 All the data enclosed are from out fact finding mission神马的
Findings
就写你发现的问题 还有你是怎么发现的 成果啊 问题啊 看具体怎么要求了 最好按照要求的顺序写
conclusion
总结一下问题神马的 也可以展望一下
recommendation
提出建议 最后建议写with these measures taken,our company will surely obtain better profibality and productivity.
最后祝愿考试成功！！！！！！另外考试期间 。。。哦。。。我讨厌那个考试制度，直到考完笔试都不让去WC。。。所以表多喝水。。。。加了个油！！！！！！！！！！必胜！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
8. 留学生作业Book Report怎么写
留学生作业Book Report怎么写？
回答：
分下面几步来写。
第一：题目（Title）：题目要鲜明，扣准主题。
第二：报告介绍前言（Introduction），说明为什么写这个报告，以及现在的进展。
第三：你的发现和结果（Findings and Results）。将你的发现和结果逐条报告。
第四：论证和结论。（Discussion and Concludion）.写出论证你的报告结论。
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