1.case summary 怎么写
In writing the summary of a judicial decision, it is important to keep in mind the purposes for which you are writing it. The summary is a way of forcing yourself to ask key questions that assist you in understanding the decision. In addition, the summary then provides a quick and easy means of recalling what you have read. Finally, the summary put you in a position to start asking critical questions about a judicial decision. Hence the summary is being written both to help you learn about the contents of the decision, to help you in recalling those contents at some point in the future, and to prepare the way for critical reflection. The following is a suggested format for case summaries which you should attempt to master. It sets out a number of elements that should be contained in a case summary. Read through this before reading the case and starting to write the summary, because knowing the format of the summary may influence how you read the case. The key is to systematically arrange related parts of the decision that are often scattered throughout the written judgement. The point is to make it possible to manage and understand what might otherwise appear to be a long and difficult to assimilate amount of information. Citation First of all, it is good practice to provide a citation at the top of the summary. For instance, a citation to a case which is accessible on the Internet might take the form: Doe v. Roe (15 December, 1998), Toronto, Ontario Court of Appeal: online es first, followed by "v." which means "versus" and then comes the last name of the defendant or respondent in the case. Following the names of the parties, the citation usually provides additional information about the date of the decision, the place or court where the decision was made, and where the decision can be found, whether it be in a court or commercially published law journal, or on the Internet. If the decision is available on the Internet, and there is also a citation to a print version of the case available, it is good practice to give information about both sources. For cases available on the Internet, provide the URL where the case is available, and the date on which you last accessed the case. Nature of the Case The substantive part of the summary should start with a very brief statement of the nature of the case. This basically answers the question of why there is a legal action before the court, the nature of that action, and what remedy is being sought. The action might be a suit claiming breach of contract for which damages are being sought. Another example might be a suit brought by a prisoner claiming that he was unfairly denied parole. The particular decision might be an appeal of a lower court decision, or it might be an application for judicial review of an administrative tribunal's decision. The key is to discover who is asking this particular court for what. Try to put this statement of the nature of the case in words that you, the student, understand. Merely repeating the language of the court without understanding what the court is saying is of little assistance in terms of advancing understanding. The Facts The next part of the summary should provide a succinct statement of the facts of the case. Only those facts that are relevant to the main legal issues should be noted. Sometimes the court itself provides a useful summary of the facts at the beginning of the decision, but sometimes it is necessary to cull the facts from the decision as a whole. Even where the court provides a summary, the summary that you write for yourself will likely be a condensation of the facts as reported by the judge. The summary of facts should not be any longer than three or four sentences, forcing you to hone in on the key elements of the case. It is usually impossible to tell what the most relevant facts are until you have read the whole case, as the final decision may turn on a particular fact or set of facts that is only revealed or 。
2.case summary 怎么写
In writing the summary of a judicial decision, it is important to keep in mind the purposes for which you are writing it. The summary is a way of forcing yourself to ask key questions that assist you in understanding the decision. In addition, the summary then provides a quick and easy means of recalling what you have read. Finally, the summary put you in a position to start asking critical questions about a judicial decision. Hence the summary is being written both to help you learn about the contents of the decision, to help you in recalling those contents at some point in the future, and to prepare the way for critical reflection. The following is a suggested format for case summaries which you should attempt to master. It sets out a number of elements that should be contained in a case summary. Read through this before reading the case and starting to write the summary, because knowing the format of the summary may influence how you read the case. The key is to systematically arrange related parts of the decision that are often scattered throughout the written judgement. The point is to make it possible to manage and understand what might otherwise appear to be a long and difficult to assimilate amount of information. Citation First of all, it is good practice to provide a citation at the top of the summary. For instance, a citation to a case which is accessible on the Internet might take the form: Doe v. Roe (15 December, 1998), Toronto, Ontario Court of Appeal: online es first, followed by "v." which means "versus" and then comes the last name of the defendant or respondent in the case. Following the names of the parties, the citation usually provides additional information about the date of the decision, the place or court where the decision was made, and where the decision can be found, whether it be in a court or commercially published law journal, or on the Internet. If the decision is available on the Internet, and there is also a citation to a print version of the case available, it is good practice to give information about both sources. For cases available on the Internet, provide the URL where the case is available, and the date on which you last accessed the case. Nature of the Case The substantive part of the summary should start with a very brief statement of the nature of the case. This basically answers the question of why there is a legal action before the court, the nature of that action, and what remedy is being sought. The action might be a suit claiming breach of contract for which damages are being sought. Another example might be a suit brought by a prisoner claiming that he was unfairly denied parole. The particular decision might be an appeal of a lower court decision, or it might be an application for judicial review of an administrative tribunal's decision. The key is to discover who is asking this particular court for what. Try to put this statement of the nature of the case in words that you, the student, understand. Merely repeating the language of the court without understanding what the court is saying is of little assistance in terms of advancing understanding. The Facts The next part of the summary should provide a succinct statement of the facts of the case. Only those facts that are relevant to the main legal issues should be noted. Sometimes the court itself provides a useful summary of the facts at the beginning of the decision, but sometimes it is necessary to cull the facts from the decision as a whole. Even where the court provides a summary, the summary that you write for yourself will likely be a condensation of the facts as reported by the judge. The summary of facts should not be any longer than three or four sentences, forcing you to hone in on the key elements of the case. It is usually impossible to tell what the most relevant facts are until you have read the whole case, as the final decision may turn on a particular fact or set of facts that is only revealed or 。
3.如何书写规范的Use Case描述文档
什么是Use Case用例描述文档的书写是系统分析人员对用户需求的深刻理解的体现。
是后期时序图和实际开发的重要依据。也可以对作为项目估算的依据,以及根据UC复杂度和开发周期来衡量开发人员的工作效率。
因此UC的书写规范及其重要,就工作用的一些经验,比如书写格式、书写内容及其注意事项与大家分享。大纲图:一、前期准备?? 对用户的问题要有非常深刻完善的理解?? 确保能够解决用户的所有问题?? 把用户的需求真正地反应到商业模型?? 对以后的设计和开发过程提供说明和框架?? 根据需求生成UI界面二、Use Case内容首先有用例名称:一般是模块名称或者模块中功能点的名称。
其次文档变更记录(Revision History),具体内容如下:1、基本描述(Brief Description)描述用例在系统中的作用。比如此用例的使用者是谁、使用者所要做的操作。
2、前置条件(Precodition)描述该用例执行前所要满足的条件。比如用例B执行前,必须先执行A,则用例的前置条件是执行A。
3、事后保证(PostCodition)此用例执行完毕后的条件4、主要流程(Basic Flows)用户操作该用例的基本流程,是后期时序图的主要参考5、选择性流程(Alternative Flows)在操作主要流程过程中,出现的一些分支流程,是后期时序图的主要参考6、特别需求(Special Requirement)对一些细微功能点进行描述,比如用户身份验证规则、订单号码产生规则、是否需要SSL加密等等7、使用界面(User Interface)美工根据需求制作的UI,及其对UI中栏位进行的说明。
4.如何写好一个brief
Brief是Account的基本功这篇文章本来不应该由我一个Creative来写的可是想想从业以来,接到过的Brief汗牛充栋连起来估计都能像某奶茶杯一样恬不知耻地绕地球两圈了其中的大多数都对不起用来造纸而砍伐的树木阿弥陀佛,为了保护地球上所剩无几的森林我也只好越俎代庖一回了Account童鞋们,就当是换位思考一下看看什么是Creative心目中的好Brief吧在这之前得说说什么是烂的Brief最烂的brief就是没有brief据说小李飞刀的最高境界是手中无刀心中有刀可是……拜托,你又不是小李飞刀你心里想得再清楚,不说我怎么知道你想要?何况就算你说想要我也不会给你的没有一份书面的brief打印出来,没有创意总监和Traffic的签字光是嘴上说说,creative是不会帮你干活儿的对于创意人来说,接没有正式Brief的工作,就像结婚没有结婚证,青楼没有安全套一样没有安全感多少年幼无知的创意新人就是在这事上摔得头破血流幼小的心灵留下了血淋淋的伤口所以请可怜可怜他们,赏个brief吧其次,麻烦不要把客户的市场方案Copy &Paste一下就拿过来当Brief给我们行吗?每次当我拿到那厚厚的一叠所谓“Brief”想到要在这几十页各式表格和调查结果中找出我要的信息一阵蛋蛋的忧郁总是莫名地袭来-_-;第三,我知道大部分Account都是从名牌大学带着英语六级、八级证书毕业的人才可是你们懂的…创意人(尤其是Artbase)都是些上学时吊儿郎当正经事儿一样不会四级永远考不过50分的废柴所以,请不要总拿没一个中文字的Brief来摧残creative的金山词霸行吗?求你们了,写个能看得懂的。
那么到底神马是creative心目中的好brief呢?我觉得其实很简单,只要说能明白几个问题就行了问题一:Background-项目背景是什么?我见过某些Account童鞋,同一个客户所有的brief里面background这一项都一样几年如一日,雷打不动拜托,Brief不是人民日报客户虽然是同一个客户,可是他们现在面临的是怎样的状况?为什么这次需要做个这样的campaign总得告诉我们点背景嘛。问题二:Objective-客户要达到什么目的?虽然我们很理解客户都希望品牌提升、新品大卖、竞争者都被小月月黑掉……希望网络上人人都在讨论他们的品牌而且意见都很正面,个个参加活动的网友都会跑去店内试驾试用试买试穿试睡……可是一个campaign真的干不了那么多事情,广告人也不是万能的上帝就算是上帝,你一次也只能许一个愿不是?问题三:Strategy-你的市场策略是什么?再说一遍,不要拿那一堆乱七八糟的行业调查、市场分析的图表给我们看如果你真的觉得那玩意儿很重要,可以作为附件给Creative参考你只要简单地写出来——从这些research中得出什么结论并因此制定了怎样的策略就足够了世界上最痛苦的事莫过于……有时候客户没整明白自己的市场策略,Account也没整明白然后就稀里糊涂地brief下来了一旦接下了这样的brief,Creative的杯具餐具肥皂具就通通都来了这些可怜的家伙马上就会体验到4A的真谛:Again Again And Again……。
5.英文寻物启事的写法
寻物启事要用Lost
例如:
LOST:Briefcase
Red colour briefcase, with two name tags written Zi Hao. One wheel slightly broken. The owner's email address is also written on the name tags. Anyone finds it please email me or call 80001234 or leave a message. Reward of $50 payable.
6.policy brief怎么写
policy brief政策简报例句:1This policy brief is an attempt to put concerns relating to potential allergenicity into perspective. 本篇政策摘要将透视对潜在过敏性的担忧。
重点词汇:briefadj. 短暂的;(衣着)短的;简洁的;简明的vt. 向…介绍基本情况;(尤指事前)向…介绍基本情况;向…下达简令;在…事先向…做简要指点n. 概要;短文;简短声明;(争议一方的情况或论点)要点摘录。
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