1.reading notes怎么写
先谈引文部分。
在写阅读笔记时,应当按照学术界的通用规范引录文章的题目、作家、来源作为参考书目。这在英文写作的程序里有一定的模式。
美国学术界普遍使用“The Chicago Manual of Style”作为标准。我们举一个具体例子。
一篇在报纸发表的文章的标准引录模式是如此写的:Story, Louise. “The High Price of Creating Free Adds.” New York Times, May 26, 2007, Business Section, electronic edition.接着我们阅读该文章,此处我们仅列出头三段话:From an advertiser's perspective, it sounds so easy: invite the public to create commercials for your brand, hold a contest to pick the best one and sit back while average Americans do the creative work.But look at the videos H. J. Heinz is getting on YouTube.In one of them, a teenage boy rubs ketchup over his face like acne cream, then puts pickles on his eyes. One contestant chugs ketchup straight from the bottle, while another brushes his teeth, washes his hair and shaves his face with Heinz's product. Often the ketchup looks more like blood than a condiment.然后进入分析部分。比如上面三段英文的结构。
引文第一段话表达出公司市场推广人员的“常识”,即:组织业余广告比赛比招聘专业广告公司设计广告更容易且便宜。语气很平凡。
第二段话揭示实际上没有公司人员想得那样好,语气惊讶。第三段进一步解释具体情况,此段列举出业余广告一个比一更差劲的例子。
再往后,该文章使用三个例子来发展这个思路(这里不再引英文原文):组织业余广告比赛的公司不断地遭受各种损失,包括:业余广告质量不如专业的高,业余广告不如专业的有效,还有公司依然要招聘专业广告公司来进行业余广告的比赛。最后的结论是:在设计广告时,公司必须三思而后行,通过业余广告比赛而遴选获得广告,未必便宜且容易,更未必有效。
分析后可知,此例中文章的总体结构是从具体事实档案推断出理论的构成。阅读笔记的第三部分,是学生按照第二步的分析,通过模仿,用英文来写结构类似的作文。
以上述文章为例,比如学生阅读分析后,选出“写作业时剽窃”这个话题来自己写文章。模仿原文结构,文章开首的撰写比较直接,先说出“常识”:剽窃对学生完成作业很方便很有帮助。
然后语气转折提出疑问,真的如此吗?再往后,就要打开思路具体分析剽窃究竟会带来哪些实质的收获或损失。最后得出结论,判断剽窃究竟是否如学生通常所想的那么有帮助。
这里我们注意三点:其一,在结构上模仿原文;第二,一定要打开思路,活跃思维;第三,具体句式的选择应用。就中国学生来说这三个方面都很不足。
但最常见的卡壳,在于学生思路不开阔不活跃,感觉无话可写、无观点可写、无事实可写。如果思路这个“瓶颈”解决了,写作训练就能比较顺畅地展开。
打开思路其实没有那么困难,比如此例中具体分析剽窃的益处或害处,我们可以从学生个人的角度、教师的角度,教师和学生互动的角度,整个知识界的角度,分别来设想和分析剽窃可能造成的种种后果,一条一条具体列出来,写作的“骨头和肉”也就铺陈出来了。比如我们列举出三大方面。
1、It prevents students from learning;2、It creates mistrust between teachers and students;3、It violates the spirit of intellectual research.然后具体动笔模仿前述结构写作。第一段,学生未经检验思考的常识。
From a student's perspective, it seems easy: download an essay from the internet, present it as your own work and wait for your teacher to give you a good grade.第二段,语气转变的反问But look at what happens when a teacher or classmate discovers that you've plagiarized someone else's work.第三段,列举分析具体情况At one school, when a student found out her classmate was plagiarizing, she had to choose between reporting her classmate or keeping silent. This situation created tension among classmates. At another school, when a teacher discover a student was plagiarizing, he not only failed the student, but also reported him to the Office of Student Affairs. This incident was put on his permanent record….第四段,总结:Taking the easy way doesn't help anyone. Classmates, teachers, and the academic community all suffer when a student plagiarizes.上面谈到“笔头”的重要性。但是无论怎么样的重要性,更重要的还是不断地练习。
光说不练,永远没有进步;不断练习,你才能体验到写作的乐趣,才能见证自己写作能力的持续提升。
2.关于reading话题的作文怎么写
Our Class Newpaper I'm a middle student.Our class newpaper is very wonderful.It has Questions and Answers,Class News,Jokes ,Exercises and Funny Stories.There is also some imformation about sports.I like sports best,so I usually read them first.And the newpaper tells me how to learn math and English.I think these column is very helpful to me.I like our class newpaper very much! I Like Reading April 23 is "World Book Day" announced by the UNESCO。
This is not a long history of the festival, from 1995 began. However, it has been widely welcomed and responded in the world: held in Copenhagen, Denmark reading marathon, Canada's Toronto Festival held in Canada… When these popular cultures such as Pop music and Hollywood movies get quite prevailing today, people have not forgotten literature, the writers and reading. Whether Reading is a funny thing, only love reading people know. I study for many years, however, I know the sense of reading so little . Where fun of reading comes? There are four opinions put forward in this paper. First, Reading is the treatment of depression governance magic.Immersed in books, what partiality, what desire fame and fortune, what lack a clear round, what fuel, what life 3,000 silk trouble, they all forget about. Second, People in Libraries are often forget the time and forget to go home, that the study is not the intrinsic happiness? Some celebrities even held overnight in the library. Third, We often see someone reading forget thirst. India, reading knowledge is the spirit of Canadian admirable. However, the morning watching a professor at the empty plates and ask ourselves: I eat the lunch? Oh. After eating, they continue schooling. Some people forget to study cooking and was good meal blame reprimanded. Last, Reading the fastest time flies. Joy of reading, an unconsciously Influence past, the sun has not allowed Health attraction downhill whims.I really like reading!。
3.关于reading话题的作文怎么写
Our Class Newpaper I'm a middle student.Our class newpaper is very wonderful.It has Questions and Answers,Class News,Jokes ,Exercises and Funny Stories.There is also some imformation about sports.I like sports best,so I usually read them first.And the newpaper tells me how to learn math and English.I think these column is very helpful to me.I like our class newpaper very much! I Like Reading April 23 is "World Book Day" announced by the UNESCO。
This is not a long history of the festival, from 1995 began. However, it has been widely welcomed and responded in the world: held in Copenhagen, Denmark reading marathon, Canada's Toronto Festival held in Canada… When these popular cultures such as Pop music and Hollywood movies get quite prevailing today, people have not forgotten literature, the writers and reading. Whether Reading is a funny thing, only love reading people know. I study for many years, however, I know the sense of reading so little . Where fun of reading comes? There are four opinions put forward in this paper. First, Reading is the treatment of depression governance magic.Immersed in books, what partiality, what desire fame and fortune, what lack a clear round, what fuel, what life 3,000 silk trouble, they all forget about. Second, People in Libraries are often forget the time and forget to go home, that the study is not the intrinsic happiness? Some celebrities even held overnight in the library. Third, We often see someone reading forget thirst. India, reading knowledge is the spirit of Canadian admirable. However, the morning watching a professor at the empty plates and ask ourselves: I eat the lunch? Oh. After eating, they continue schooling. Some people forget to study cooking and was good meal blame reprimanded. Last, Reading the fastest time flies. Joy of reading, an unconsciously Influence past, the sun has not allowed Health attraction downhill whims.I really like reading!。
4.札记怎么写
札记
拼音:
zhá jì
词义:
读书时摘记的要点和心得体会及见闻的单篇文章。汇集多篇成书,乃称“札记”。
基本解释
[reading notes] 读书时摘记的要点以及所写的心得
详细解释
1. 读书时摘记的要点、心得或随笔记事等文字。古称小木简为札,条记于札,故称。
章炳麟 《国故论衡·文学总略》:“是故绳线联贯谓之经,簿书记事谓之专,比竹成册谓之仑,各从其质以为之名,亦犹古言‘方策’,汉言‘尺牍’,今言‘札记’矣。”如: 清 姜宸英 有《湛园札记》、卢文弨 有《锺山札记》等。
2. 指记录读书时的心得,体会。
清王筠 《菉友肊说》:“或学而有得,或思而有得,辄札记之。”
概述
札记
包括:教学札记 读书札记 心情札记 家访札记
经济生活札记 廿二史札记,凡是用于生活,工作,学习,事务方面的材料都叫札记。
胡适关于他的札记,他是这么说的:一九一三年十月至一九一七年回到上海,有【札记】十五卷。这些札记本来只是预备给兄弟朋友们看的,其实最初只是为自己记忆的帮助的,后来因为我的好朋友许怡荪要看,我记完了一册就寄给他看,请他带我收存。到了最后的三年,我自己的文学主张、思想演变都写成札记,用作一种“自言自语的思想草稿”。我自己发现这种思想草稿很有益处,就不肯寄给怡荪,留作我自己省察的参考。
杂记
包括:
(1)山川、景物、人事杂记。描写山川、景物和人事的,如《小石潭记》、《登泰山记》。
(2)笔记文。以记事为主,它的特点是篇幅短小,长的千字左右;内容丰富,有历史掌故、遗文遗事、文艺随笔、人物短论、科学小说、文字考证、读书杂记等五花八门。《世说新语》、《梦溪笔谈》就是这种文体。
读书札记写作方式
读书札记就是读书笔记,是指人们在阅读书籍或文章时,遇到值得记录的东西和自己的心得、体会,随时随地把它写下来的一种文体。古人有条著名的读书治学经验,叫做读书要做到:眼到、口到、心到、手到。这“手到”就是读书笔记。读完一篇文章或一本书后,应根据不同情况,写好读书笔记。常用的形式有:
(一)提纲式。
以记住书的主要内容为目的。通过编写内容提纲,明确主要和次要的内容。
(二)摘录式。
主要是为了积累词汇、句子。可以摘录优美的词语,精彩的句子、段落、供日后熟读、背诵和运用。
(三)仿写式。
为了能做到学以致用,可模仿所摘录的精彩句子,段落进行仿写,达到学会运用。
(四)评论式。
主要是对读物中的人物、事件加以评论,以肯定其思想艺术价值如何。可分为书名、主要内容、评论意见。
(五)心得式。
为了记下自己感受最深的内容,记下读了什么书,书中哪些内容自己教育最深,联系实际写出自己的感受。即随感。
(六)存疑式。
主要是记录读书中遇到的疑难问题,边读边记,以后再分别进行询问请教,达到弄懂的目的。
(七)简缩式。
为了记住故事梗概、读了一篇较长文章后,可抓住主要内容,把它缩写成短文。
不管写怎样的笔记,首先要读懂文章,这是基础。写读后感一般要先把文章主要内容做一个概括,然后根据自己选择的角度进行评论,或者评语言,或者评人物,只要是自己的看法即可。
札记的写作步骤
第一步:
概括每一段段意。
第二步:
梳理论文的写作提纲。(还原作者本意)
第三步:
写出你对论文的评价意见。(写出好与不好的方面)
第四步:
所读论文的学术价值在哪?(对自己有什么启发?)
5.一zha的zha怎么写
一zha的zha写法:拃
一、拃的读音:zhǎ
二、汉字释义:
1、张开大姆指和中指(或小指)量长度。
2、量词,指张开大姆指和中指(或小指)两端的距离。
三、汉字结构:左右结构
四、部首:扌
五、相关词组:
拃挣:挣扎。
一拃:张开大拇指和中指,两端的距离为“一拃”。
扩展资料:
一、汉字笔画:
横、竖钩、提、撇、横、竖、横、横
二、拃的同音字:炸
炸的汉字释义:
1、突然破裂。
2、用炸药或炸弹爆破。
3、发怒。
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