育才学习网1.莎士比亚用英文怎么说
莎士比亚（William Shakespeare, 1564-1616），伟大的英国文学家。在其作品中，Hamlet（ 哈姆雷特）、Othello（奥瑟罗）、King Lear（李尔王）、Macbeth（马克白），又被誉为 莎翁的「四大悲剧」
成书时间：1601-1606年
特色之处：人文主义理想与现实社会恶势力之间的悲剧性冲突及理想的破灭。
作家其人其文：
莎士比亚（1564—1616），是欧洲文艺复兴时期主要代表作家，“英国戏剧之
父”。出生于商人家庭，少年时就读于当地文法学校，爱好戏剧、诗歌。后因家道中落而辍学，20岁赴伦敦谋生。在剧院打过杂差、当过马夫。1590年，他成为雇用演员，开始舞台和戏剧创作生涯。后成为剧团股东，巡回演出。其间结识了一些青年贵族和大学生，受到古代文化、意大利文艺复兴时期文化和人文主义思想的影响。1590-1612年间，莎士比亚创作成就辉煌，共作戏剧37部，叙事长诗两部、十四行诗一卷（154首）。1608年左右，获世袭绅士身份，荣归故里，直至终年。莎士比亚全部作品的基本思想是人文主义或称人道主义。其最高成就在于戏剧，按内容可分为历史剧、悲剧、喜剧三大类。广泛而深刻地反映了16至17世纪英国社会的方方面面。莎剧以生动曲折的情节著称于世，构思壮阔，内容丰富，多采用多线索结构，将各种戏剧因素自然结合。其人物都有栩栩如生的鲜明个性，总以性格的丰富性和复杂性显示自己的特色。语言丰富多彩、清新隽永，既富有哲理，又带有浓郁的诗意。他的创作集中地代表了欧洲文艺复兴的文学成就。
内容梗概：
莎士比亚四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》，
是其悲剧作品中最著名的四部。故事均取自欧洲的历史传说。《哈》剧写的是丹麦王子哈姆雷特回国奔丧，父王鬼魂诉冤，嘱其报仇。王子装疯，安排“戏中戏”，证实了新王杀兄的罪行。错杀大臣后，王子被打发出国，他洞察新王阴谋，中途折回。新王备下毒酒毒剑，挑唆大臣之子与王子决斗，欲置之于死地，最后三人同归于尽，母后也误饮毒酒而死。《奥》剧写的是威尼斯大将、摩尔人奥赛罗与元老之女苔丝狄蒙娜倾心相爱，冲破家庭阻力结为夫妻并一同出征。旗官伊阿古，因个人私怨而设计诬陷台丝狄蒙娜有私情。奥赛罗轻信中计，亲手将妻子掐死，最后真相大白，奥赛罗悔恨交加，拔剑自刎。《李》剧叙述不列颠王李尔将国土全分给了花言巧语的两个大女儿，而将秉性耿直的小女儿远嫁法国。最终遭到长女次女百般虐待，流落荒野，疯癫而死。《麦》剧写苏格兰大将麦克白受女巫诱惑，在野心和夫人的驱使下，杀君自立，后终日被噩梦纠缠，神思恍惚。其妻也发狂自杀而死。最后王子率兵讨伐，麦克白兵败而死。
莎士比亚的悲剧主要是理想与现实的矛盾和理想的破灭。人文主义理想和现实社会恶势之间的矛盾构成戏剧冲突。剧中塑造了一批具有人文主义理想下面的人物，描写他们与恶势力进行的悲剧斗争、毁灭及其道义力量。如哈姆雷特就是人文主义者的典型形象。惨痛的变故使他所珍视的理想全部破灭，为父报仇、重整乾坤又使他感到任务艰难，因而忧郁、犹豫，陷入深刻的思索。在艺术上，悲剧是莎剧中成就最高的。首先，多线索手法的运用体现了情节的生动性和丰富性。如《哈》剧中安排三条复仇线索，以王子复仇为主线，另两条线索穿插糅合其间。《李》剧中也有两条平行交错的线索。其次，人物形象鲜明，作者善于深入刻画人物的内心世界，使其性格更丰满深刻。如哈姆雷特的著名独白，富有哲理性。麦克白杀人后精神崩溃的过程更是刻画得细腻真切。此外，作者还善于渲染气氛，营造悲剧性的氛围，烘托人物的心理活动。如《麦》剧中夜与血的形象贯穿始终，阴森恐怖。《李》剧中暴雨荒原一场，激烈哀愤……凡此种种，都使莎士比亚悲剧成为文学史上不朽的名篇。
2.莎士比亚英文简介
William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616)[a] was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.[1] He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".[2][b] His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays,[c] 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.[3]Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.[4]Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613.[5][d] His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's.Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry".[6] In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.。