1.刘长春的英文介绍
Due to Sino-Japanese War, the Nationalist Government in China denied to attend 1932 Summer Olympics。
However, the Japanese puppet state in northeast China, Manchukuo, announced that two athletes, Liu Chang-chun and Yu Xi-wei would represent Manchukuo to attend 1932 Summer Olympics through de-facto government-controlled newspaper。 May 1932, Liu Chang-chun proclaimed that as a Chinese, he never represented the puppet state of Manchukuo to attend 10th Summer Olympic Games in a Chinese newspaper, Ta Kung Pao。
Liu denied to represent Manchukuo, and was willing to represent China to attend 10th Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles。 Liu found it difficult to attend 10th Summer Olympic Games because he was not financed by the Nationalist Government。
His trip came true after General Zhang Xue-liang (Chang Hsüeh-liang) provided 8,000 Silver Dollars (Yin-yuan) to Liu31 July, the first racing day, Liu attended 100m preliminary, and he was arranged in group 2, which had 6 athletes involved。 In the diary of Liu, "The winner ran faster than me about 4 yards at the end, his time was 10。
9 sec。 Liu said, "I was the fourth runner-up, the time was about 11 sec。
In this competition, I got ahead before 60m, however, other competitors overtook me after 80 m。 I cannot get a better result due to exhaustion from a month-long journey to U。
S。,and lack of exercise during the journey。
"Liu registered for Men's 100m, 200m, and 400m。 He, however, gave up to attend Men's 400m due to tiredness。
Liu failed to get a place in Final of Men's 100m and 200m。 Liu left Los Angeles in 21 August, and arrived Shanghai in 16 Sepetmber。
错不了了 ,在外国网站上找的。
2.英文见面时问候语的差异、禁忌
一、招呼用语的差异与交际见面或相遇时互致问候、打招呼是人类共有的习惯,只是用词和表达方式不同而已。
打招能有效建立和延续人际关系。中国人早上见面时说“你(您)早!”,可英美人说“Good morning”。
这两种招呼语看似没什么差别,其实不然。汉语中,中性的抽象的招呼用语很少,张口就讲比较具体的事。
“你早”的意思是“你起来得早”“,Goodmorning”表示一种祝福,二者含义不同。此外,英语中的“Good afternoon”、“Good evening”、“Good day”等在汉语中都很难找到对等的词。
除了以上几个招呼用语,英美人还说“:Hello!How are you·”“Glad to meetyou”等。而汉语习惯讲的“您去哪·”“上街呀·”“吃了吗·”如果直译成“Where are you going ·”“Have youhad your meal·”英美人很可能误会你要限制他们的自由或你要请他们吃饭呢。
因此,不能把中文的招呼用语直接翻译成英文的招呼用语。对非常看重隐私的英美人来说,汉语中的问候语有时因太具体而有干涉隐私之嫌。
语言不同,社会文化不同,问候语也会有不同的表达形式。因此,了解英汉招呼用语的文化差异,是说好英语、促进跨文化交际的一个重要方面。
二、称谓用语的差异与交际交往时人们总以某种语言形式称呼对方,从而形成称谓用语。称谓用语一般分为亲属称谓语和社交称谓语。
各种语言之间,由于习俗文化的差异,称谓用语也各有不同。首先,英汉姓名有差异。
中国人姓前名后,英美人恰好相反。和英美人交际时,要了解什么是名,什么是姓;要了解在英美人的习惯中,熟人之间可以用名直呼对方,却不能用姓做称呼语。
中国人向来重视家族关系和长幼次序,英语中的一个Uncle因家族关系不同可译成汉语的伯、叔、舅、姑夫、姨夫等。汉语中兄、弟、姐、妹的称呼泾渭分明,而英语只用Brother和sister。
英语中的cousin可指汉语中的堂(表)兄弟姐妹。英汉两种语言所表现的文化差异较大,亲属称谓的区别难度也很大。
中国人称呼他人时好用亲属称谓,如张叔叔、王阿姨、李奶奶等,而这种称谓在英语中是没有的,英语常用Mr Zhang M,iss Wang等。汉语中常把职务、职业或职称当作称谓语,像王局长、李校长、陈老师、刘医生等。
英语中这种称谓语很少,仅用于从事某种专业或处于某种位置的人,如Bishop Gray(格雷主教)、Captain Simmonds(西蒙兹船长)。此外,Doctor、Father、General、Judge、Presi2dent、Prince、Queen等也可这样用,其他均用Mr、Mrs、Miss加姓氏来称呼。
对于不知结婚与否的女士则用Ms,不知姓名的情况下用Sir和Madam。有时还可直呼其名,以示平等。
要特别注意的是,英语中没有Teacher Wang、Teacher Li一类的称呼语。称谓用语的不同其实是英汉两种语言赖以存在的文化差异所造成的。
中国传统文化重视血缘关系,特别强调等级间的差异,提倡长幼有序;西方国家崇尚的是个人主义,追求独立与平等,并不看重家族辈份、长幼尊卑。这是导游员在与英美国家的人进行交际时必须加以高度重视和仔细推敲的。
三、致谢用语的差异与交际致谢是一种普遍的礼仪规范,只不过在不同的地区或国家有不同的表达方式,这是文化差异使然。中国人致谢时很少直接用谢字,多说“辛苦了”、“累了吧”、“快歇歇”;英美人对凡给予自己帮助的人都要表示感谢,并直截了当地用“Thank you”。
而且,因感谢程度不同,“Thank you”还衍生出若干变体,如“Thank you verymuch.” “T hank you very much indeed.”“Thank.”“Many Thanks.”“Ireally don't know how ot Thankyou enough.” 跨文化交际时要视情况恰如其份地加以表达。有感谢便有答谢。
汉语中的答谢词多为“不客气、不用谢”,相当于英语中的You are welcome,Not at all或Don't mentoin it等。汉语中有时用“没关系、不要紧”等作答谢语,相当于英语中的That's all right或That'sok.如果把它们直译为It Doesn't matter或Never mind时,就会引起误解,因为这两句英语是致歉答语而非致谢答语。
中国人还经常用“这是我应该做的”来作答谢语,如果把这句话译成This is what I should do或It's myduty,英美国家的人一定会不知所云。
3.配对阅读左栏是五位病人的健康问题,右栏是七位专科医生的简介.请根
71.C,推理判断题,文中提到"Tina has a high fever because of the flu she caught at school.She has such a big headache that she can't go to school."Tina在学校染上了风寒,发烧了,因为"He is good at treating flu"王医生擅长治疗流行性感冒,所以选择C.72.D,推理判断题,文中提到"Jimmy has a lot of work to do every day.He has trouble getting to sleep at night and he usually stays up to finish his work."Jimmy经常熬夜工作,所以现在晚上很难睡着,所以应该去看陈医生,因为"Dr.Chen has a lot of experience in helping patients get normal sleep"他常常帮助病人正常入睡,由此确定选择D.73.F,推理判断题,文中提到"Dongdong is an 8-year-old boy.He has a sweet tooth.He has four bad teeth and his mom is worried about his toothache."东东是一个八岁的男孩,有4个坏掉的牙齿,所以应该去看牙医,"Dr.Liu,one of the best dentists in Guangdong General Hospital,has great skills in fixing bad teeth"刘医生是一个很有名的牙医,是修复坏牙齿方面的专家,所以选择F.74.G,推理判断题,文中提到"Lily's father has been a heavy drinker for 20years.He decided to give up drinking after the body check which showed some health problems."Lily的父亲去检查时发现身体出现问题,因为经常喝酒,所以决定戒酒,因为"Dr.Li has developed a new treatment to help patients give up drinking"李医生在帮助别人戒酒方面很有经验.由此确定选择G,75.A,推理判断题,文中提到"Recently Betty eats whatever she likes,including lots of meat.She finds herself getting heavier week by week but just can't stop eating."Betty最近经常吃饭,因此胖了起来,但是想停又停不下来.而右边提到"Dr.Wright is always ready to offer help on eating problems"Wright医生专业解决病人的饮食问题.由此确定选择A.。